patella

Between 1991 and 1999, the men had undergone measurement of lead in their patellas. For the current analysis, the researchers looked at associations between patella lead and mortality from all causes, from cardiovascular disease, and from ischemic heart disease.

Overall, men with the highest patella lead levels were twice as likely as those with the lowest lead levels to die from ischemic heart disease.

Normal patellas should be centered within the trochlear groove and face forward.

The patellofemoral joint is the articulation between the patella and the trochlear groove of the femur.

The patella has developed and range of motion of the knee has begun.

Nine surface contact pairs were defined for the femur, tibia, patella, and other soft tissue.

Optical tracking system (Polaris hybrid optical tracking system, NDI, Calgary, AB, Canada) was used to measure the trajectory of the femur, tibia, and patella under squatting for analysis of knee relative motion by coordinate transformation [21] (Figure 5).

For dynamic movement measurement, three reference frames consisting of 14 mm diameter markers were fixed in tibia, femur, and patella, respectively.

We discuss some of the more commonly symptomatic bones, namely the os acromiale, os styloideum, metacarpal and hallux sesamoids, patella, os trigonum, os calcaneus secundarius, accessory navicular, os peroneum, and os intermetatarseum.

Patella fractures are usually transverse, often resulting from rapid flexion against a fully contracted quadriceps.

Differentiation of an acute patella fracture from a bipartite patella may be difficult.