In the construction industry, many of the vacancies are for CIP installers, welders, masons/finishing masons, carpenters,
leadmen, scaffolders, painters, steelmen, tinsmiths and tilesetters.
The cases in which that has been found, however, have been limited to either hourly
leadmen or (and this is where MSHA is coming from) certain hourly employees (including preshift inspectors and electricians) in coal mines, where the rules require that not just any hourly employee can perform those tasks, but only those who have been specially "certified" or "qualified" to do so.